Archive for October, 2009



Iconic Clothing Of The 20th Century

Saturday 31 October 2009 @ 4:24 pm

The 20th century was a turning point in the history of the world. Two major world wars devastated the economy of nearly every country in the world. Famine, genocide, holocaust, and natural disaster swept through the world like never before seen in history. But at the same time, advancements were made that improved our world to a degree never known before. Modern medicine became better than ever. Technology advanced at mind-boggling rates. Methods of communication have reached dynamic proportions never thought possible. The world of fashion also went through major changes in the 20th century.

There are many fashions that have come and gone throughout the years, some that were the epitome of haute couture and others that were simply icons of the Everyman, clothing that was worn for comfort and function rather than style and fashion. It is the latter style that seems to have made its mark on more of the public. These articles of clothing are here to stay. Jeans are one such item. Though denim material had been around for many years, the article of clothing we know as jeans weren’t invented until the mid-19th century thanks to a man named Levi Strauss. Originally from Germany, Strauss moved to San Francisco in 1853.

With the help of a tailor named Jacob Davis, Strauss invented jeans that were held together by metal rivets. The purpose of the rivets was to strengthen the pockets of the pants in order to withstand harsh work conditions. The two men filed for a patent for their design and held it until about 1890 when the patent expired, during which they were the only company allowed to make riveted denim. After that date, any company had authority to create their own jeans. Jeans remained a clothing item primarily for workers until the 1950s when kids began wearing them as a way to define their identity. From that point on jeans became an iconic symbol of American fashion in every decade.

Another iconic symbol of the fashion of the American Everyman is the leather jacket. The jacket first came into popular American fashion in the early 20th century. Thanks to bomber pilots in World War II as well as famous aviators like Amelia Earheart, these bomber style jackets became fashionable for both men and women. Leather motorcycle jackets came into fashion thanks to the greaser culture of the 50s and 60s as well as famous celebrities like Marlon Brando, who wore the jacket in many films. Motorcycle jackets are still in fashion even today, and like jeans, are a clothing icon of the working-class American.

G R Harley (http://www.grharley.com/)is a harley Davidson men’s leather jacket. Art Gib is a freelance writer.

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Perfume – History And Modern Day Use

Saturday 31 October 2009 @ 4:20 pm

The word perfume was derived from a Latin word `per fumum`. The Latin word means, through smoke. This is how the word perfume was coined. Perfumes were first made in Mesopotamian and Egyptian counties in the ancient times. Later, the Romans and also the Persians developed this art.

Taputti, a chemist from Mesopotamia developed perfumes by distilling flowers and oils. With that she used several aromatics which brought a great aroma. Four thousand years old perfumes have also been found by the archaeologists in Pyrgos. The ancient people used things like herbs and flowers to make good quality perfumes. The Egyptians used perfumes to prepare mummies in the mixture.

Different perfumes smell differently because it is made from different mixtures. Even if the perfume is made from the same mixture it can be smelled differently if the percentage of the quantity of mixtures mixed is different. This is what we generally call the intensity of a perfume. Some people also call the smell of a high intensity perfume a `hard` smell. Similarly, a perfume which has a low intensity and does not hurt the nose is called a soft perfume.

Generally companies which make perfumes do not like to reveal the concentration in their perfumes. This is something which they like to keep a secret and this is what differentiates one perfume from another. Different things are used from plants, animals and other natural sources to create a unique aroma for perfumes. Some perfume companies also use a few synthetic sources in their perfumes to create an aroma of its own kind.

There are different types of perfumes available in the market. Perfume, a fragrance, is one of the most expensive types of perfumes. Then you have natural sprays, alcoholic perfumes and several other types of perfumes for different people with different needs.

Light weight glass bottles were used since ancient times to store perfumes. These glass bottles are still used to store perfumes in modern times. The only difference with the ancient glass bottles and the modern glass bottles is in its design. Earlier the glass bottles were of a very simple design but nowadays a lot of stress is also given on the design of the glass bottles which differentiates one company from the other. Sleek, curvy and a delicate design is preferred these days by the perfume companies.

The Greek in ancient times used beautiful containers to carry their perfume, and precious stones were used by the Roman people to store and carry their perfumes. The container in which the perfume is stored is very important. In most of the cases the design of the perfume bottle decides whether that perfume will be purchased or not, irrespective of its fragrance.

Perfumes have gained immense importance in the last few centuries. In ancient times, perfumes were used mainly by the rich people but in modern day almost each and everyone uses perfume so that an amazing aura comes out of his body.

The ambience of a place suddenly changes when someone comes in with a perfume on her clothes. The aura brings positive energy and vibes along with its fragrance. Perfumes come in a lot of range and fragrances. It depends on a person to choose his fragrance in the range he likes. For most people, perfume has become a signature statement. Perfumes are always in passion. They never lose demand in the market because everyone loves to have a perfume in his wardrobe.

You can have access to articles about perfume in portuguese language from page Perfume

Roberto Sedycias works as IT consultant for Polomercantil

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It’s Never Too Early To Look Forward To Prom 2010

Saturday 31 October 2009 @ 4:20 pm

It’s unquestionably the biggest dance of the year: the time when you can really doll up like a princess and have a great time with your friends all evening long. If you are really looking forward to your Prom 2010, then you’ll want to get a sneak peak at the latest trends that will be hot in the spring. Here’s a preview.

– Glam, glam, and more glam

If you pay attention to the celebrity red carpet scene, you have no doubt noticed the prevalence of metallic fabrics. Shiny fabrics are sleek and comfortable, and they will make you dazzle like no other fabric can. Choose from silver, gold, and copper: whatever best suits your skin type and hair color. Copper is especially stunning on redheads. One-shouldered styles will be popular for metallics as will be scoop-necks with capped sleeves. Metallic dresses are glamorous and simply stunning: if you want to make a big entrance and a lasting impression, look for this trend.

– It’s time to go Greek

As mentioned above, one-shoulder designs will be more popular than ever. Although they will come in a wide variety of colors, one of the most stunning colors is simple white. Accented with gold trim, you will look like a veritable Greek goddess made famous by popular mythology.

– Wild and happy prints

If you want a more fun-loving design, check out the great range of dresses that feature bright and bold prints. The halter-top or sweetheart necklines give them a touch of formality as does the sweeping long drape, but the prints are all about the fun. Choose from tie-dye designs, animal prints, and gorgeous flowery fabrics inspired by tropical island breezes. Put your hair up, put an exclamation point on the look with a giant orchid behind your ear and you will really stand out from the crowd.

– The classic look

Because looking like a princess never ever goes out of style, prom dresses for 2010 will also feature the classic look many girls still crave. Yard of billowing fabric, a tight bodice, and lots of rhinestone jewelry will help you look and feel like you are going to a royal ball! The big colors for classic princess styles in 2010 will be deep jewel tones such as reds, purples, and emerald greens, and “hot” colors such as bright orange and yellow.

Because it’s never too early to start thinking about prom, make sure to spend some time browsing the internet and check out all of the latest trends.

Prom Formal Dress (http://www.promformaldress.com/) is prom dresses 2010. Art Gib is a freelance writer.

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What The Ladies Should Buy For Their Dude Ranch Vacation

Saturday 31 October 2009 @ 4:19 pm

If you are a “tenderfoot” who is planning a western Dude Ranch vacation soon, then it’s essential that you start shopping for the proper gear. Here are a few ideas on what you should pack to help you feel at home and entirely comfortable on your vacation.

– Layers

Depending on the altitude of your ranch, the weather may be extremely changeable during the day. In the Colorado Rockies, for example, it is not unusual for there to be afternoon thunderstorms which can drop the temperature by at least 60 degrees. You’ll want to bring undershirts, shirts, and a hoodie in order to be prepared for any weather: you can then peel off layers or add them again during the day as needed.

– Outerwear

Fleece is a must in the mountains of the West: if you are going in the summertime, a fleece jacket combined with all of those layers should keep you plenty warm. Fleece repels small amounts of moisture, keeping you toasty and dry. Bring along a windbreaker with a hood that can also double as a raincoat: you will probably not experience deep sustained rains during your stay, but there will definitely be cloudbursts; the last thing you want to be on the trail is unprepared. Buy a windbreaker that can easily be rolled and tied to your saddle for extra convenience.

– Pants

Jeans, jeans, and more jeans: actually, probably two pairs will do the trick. But since you’ll be spending considerable amounts of time in the saddle you will want to wear tough, durable denim. Make sure they have some stretch in the fabric for extra comfort! Of course, you can bring a few pairs of chinos or other lighter pants for when you’re not riding.

– Boots

You can order fancy snakeskin ladies cowboy boots if you wish, of course, but they should be worn strictly around the ranch or in town and not on the trail. For the trail, you want to get more practical ladies cowboy boots especially if you are something of a novice. One of the best new advances in ladies cowboy boots’ design is a combination boot/athletic shoe design. These boots have western styling but they are much more practical and comfortable when riding.

– Apres-Ride Wear

Depending on the luxury level of your particular Dude Ranch, your hosts will undoubtedly hold a few dressier evenings, so don’t forget to pack a few skirts or casual dresses for these occasions. Black-tie is probably not necessary: keep it lovely but simple to suit your surroundings.

Western Wear (http://standupranchers.com/) internet clothing store, shipping western wear, ladies cowboy boots and accessories. Art Gib is a freelance writer.

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Expectations For First-Time Massages

Saturday 31 October 2009 @ 4:17 pm

Massages are known to be relaxing and feel great. One thing that may be stopping many from getting a professional massage is that they do not understand the process and may feel uncomfortable with the unknown.

If you have never had a massage you should know that it is not a difficult or scary process. Your masseuse will lead you through each step in a professional and relaxing manner.

Spa massages are supposed to be luxurious, relaxing and a fantastic way to pamper yourself from the stress of the daily grind. Because of this the atmosphere of a spa is designed around the thought of giving the clients the attention that they usually neglect to give themselves.

Even though each spa may vary slightly, there are basic procedures that you can expect when getting a massage.

When you arrive for your spa massage, you check in at the front desk. The secretary there will ensure the time and type of massage you have requested.

After checking in, you will be led into a locker room reserved for your gender. It is only a locker room in the sense that there are lockers for you to put your belongings in.

The room will be outfitted with comfortable chairs and tables that are filled with various snacks and beverages. After getting into the locker room, you will be given a plush robe to change into.

When changing into your robe, how much clothing you remove is up to your discretion. Even if you strip naked, the massage therapist will keep your private parts covered with a sheet.

Feel free to leave on undergarments if nudity makes you uncomfortable. You want to be as relaxed as possible when receiving your massage, so do whatever makes you feel most comfortable.

When your massage therapist is ready for you, they will let you know by either coming into the locker room, if they are your same gender. If they are of the opposite gender, they will typically send someone else in to tell you they are ready.

After introductions, the massage therapist will lead you back to the room where your spa massage will take place. The room will have dim lighting and soft music. A massage table will be in the center of the room.

Before starting the massage, the massage therapist will speak with you for a few moments about what you are looking for in the session. If you have any injuries or areas you would like them to focus on, now is the time to say it.

Also mention if there’s a possibility of you being allergic to the massage oils they use. After this, the therapist will leave you alone in the room to disrobe and cover yourself with the sheet.

You may start on your back or stomach according to preference. You will be asked to flip over at some point in the massage so that other areas of the body can be worked on.

The massage therapist will knock before they enter to make sure you’re in place and feeling comfortable. Once inside, they will begin the spa massage.

Relax as much as possible to enhance the massage. It is likely the massage therapist will use a massage oil to help them manipulate the skin.

There are a variety of touch techniques that the therapist might use including long firm strokes, fast taps and kneading of muscles. If anything hurts, let them know. Often when muscles are sore they will hurt more when they are worked on.

For some, muscles may feel sore even after the massage is over. This is a common experience especially for first time recipients.

The therapist will move the sheet off of the areas they are working on. After they are done working on that area they will replace the sheet and move onto the next area.

A massage therapist will never lift the sheet past certain areas when giving a massage. When they have finished working on the first side, you will be asked to roll over slowly while holding the sheet around you.

Once the spa massage is complete, the therapist will advise you to lie quietly for a few minutes to let the relaxation set in. They’ll advise you to rise slowly when you go to put the robe back on and leave the room before you do so.

The therapist will meet you in the hallway with a glass of water and possibly a small snack. They will likely advise you to take it easy for a few minutes.

This is because massage causes some to feel a bit lightheaded, so it is best to take it easy for ten to fifteen minutes.

After you finish relaxing, you will return to the locker room. After getting dressed, you can check out at the front desk.

Hopefully your massage left you feeling much more relaxed and pampered than you felt going in at the beginning.

Jack R. Landry has worked at a day spa for the last 9 years and written hundreds of articles about day spas and Orem Utah massage.

Contact Info:
Jack R. Landry
JackRLandry@gmail.com
http://www.SolaseYou.com

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8 Face Makeup Tips To Enhance Your Beauty

Saturday 31 October 2009 @ 3:56 pm

Face makeup can be used to highlight one`s good features and also to camouflage the not-so-good features. Useful and practical tips go a long way in enhancing your looks. Some of the practical tips are:

1. Foundation forms the base of the face makeup and is applied after the face has been cleansed and moisturized. Wait for a few moments for the moisturizer to be absorbed before applying the foundation. Use your fingertips or a damp sponge to dab small dots of the foundation on the forehead, nose, and cheek and chin area and blend well right into your hairline and jaw line.

2. Blending is the key to good makeup and cannot be stressed enough as proper blending will give a natural look to the face and not leave blotches here and there. Blot your face gently with tissue paper to absorb the excess foundation.

3. A concealer is a very versatile piece of cosmetic as it can hide pimples, scars, dark circles and blemishes on the face. Apply the concealer on the desired spot and spread it towards the edges and do not over-apply it as it will then look too obvious an attempt to hide some flaw.

4. Before putting on the eye shadow, apply a base of neutral color on the eyelids and do not try to match the eye shadow with your outfit. The eye shadow should suit your skin color. Dab the eye shadow on the entire length of the eye lid starting from the inside and moving outwards. 2 or 3 colors of eye shadow can be used together but some expert blending is required to give a smooth look. Stick to lighter or neutral colors for day wear but for the evenings, experiment with brighter, bolder colors or the smoky, smoldering look.

5. The eyeliner should be drawn as close to the lash line as possible to give the impression of thicker eyelashes. Although black is the favorite color for the eyeliner, blue, brown or navy blue can look equally stunning. In fact, the color of your eyes can be brought out magnificently by using the right eyeliner.

6. Mascara can literally be termed the `magic wand` as it can be used to coat the most meager of eyelashes to give the effect of full, lush eyelashes. Wait for the first coat to dry before applying the next coat and then using a mascara comb, run it through the eyelashes to shake off the excess mascara. An eyelash curler is also an invaluable cosmetic aid but the curling should be done before the applying the mascara.

7. Chapped lips should be treated with a lip balm before applying lipstick. A thin base of foundation on the lips will allow the correct tone of the lipstick to show. Lips can be first outlined with a lip liner which is slightly darker than the lipstick color but of the same tone and then the lips can be filled in with the lipstick with a lip brush. The shape of the lips can be corrected with the help of the lip liner. Using a lip brush helps give an even coating of color to the lips. A lip gloss on the middle of the lips will give a fuller look to the lips.

8. The blusher should be chosen according to one`s skin tone. If using powder blusher, put some on the brush and shake off the excess powder before the application. Smile while applying the blusher and put it on with upward strokes towards the ears. Again, blending is the key to perfect application and for contouring the face.

So, the right face makeup can enhance any woman`s natural looks even if she is not Helen of Troy!

You can have access to articles about beauty in portuguese language from page Beauty

Roberto Sedycias works as IT consultant for Polomercantil

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Sexy Lingerie, Are You Dressing to Kill?

Saturday 31 October 2009 @ 3:40 pm

Sexy tightly fitting uplifting and push up bras may be a regular bought and worn item by millions of women worldwide, but perhaps it is time to consider the
possible link between these tightly fitting lingerie items and breast cancer.

The leaders in research into breast cancer appear to ignore this connection and fail to research it. Others though have researched it quite thoroughly and believe
it could be a likely cause of at least some breast cancers.

Lingerie designers and manufacturers appear to know little or nothing about this link, or perhaps in the interest of financial gain by giving the lady what she wants to wear, they too ignore it.

Retail lingerie companies could simply ignore it too and most seem to, or are simply in the same position as most of the six billion people who are oblivious of it.

The possible connection between breast cancer and lingerie is based on the theory that blood flow and the lymphatic system is impaired by the pressure of a tightly fitting bra.

The lymphatic system is responsible for the drainage of impurities and toxins and over time with inadequate drainage, it is suggested that these toxins may build up giving rise to cysts, pain, tenderness and ultimately cancer.

This may well be unproven as a cause of cancer in itself but should at least be worthy of serious consideration as a major contributory factor. It has been suggested, in fact, that major publicity to the connection has been suppressed by parties with financial interest; in particular the pharmaceutical industry but to some extent the lingerie industry too.

Personally, the writer of this article is involved in the retail sale of sexy lingerie which includes bras which, if not sized correctly, may be tightly fitting, but this writer does not dismiss this suggested link but encourages further research and for the results and the research itself to be mainstream. Indeed, it may be just one of many contributory factors none of which in particular more potent than another, but all of which worthy of further research.

In the meantime, there maybe a few precautions which the regular bra wearer should consider. Such as wearing a well fitting bra. It is well reported in recent years that the majority of women do wear a wrongly sized bra. Advice on fitting a bra is now abundant. Is this the lingerie industry themselves trying to offset the blame in any future law suit? Who knows?

Also perhaps wearing a bra for less hours in the day so that the lymphatic system is not so permanently restricted and possibly not wearing underwired bras at all. Underwires can be removed without removing the full effect of the bra.

If the reader wishes to explore the information contained in this article further, then some search engine queries of appropriate terms should prove fruitful.

Long may sexy lingerie continue but with due consideration and further research into very unwelcome health consequencies. Otherwise the wearer may be unwittingly giving new meaning to the term; dressed to kill.

For the latest lingerie styles, designs and lingerie news visit Sexy Lingerie and to buy quality sexy lingerie visit Erotic Lingerie

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Revolutionizing Recruiting

Thursday 29 October 2009 @ 6:11 pm

The adventure of finding and hiring good people to become a part of a salon or spa’s team can seem to be an uphill battle for many owners and managers. While most struggle to find either employees or booth renters to fill the chairs, others turn away prospective employees and have to pick from hundreds of resumes and applications.

While yes, there is a shortage of people roaming around to find a position in this industry; the desperation truly comes from the lack of planning for recruiting all year long. Then ultimately once we hire a staff member how do we retain them? Why do stylists leave salons?

In order to recruit and hire efficiently, you must consider these two questions:

1. How do we attract the right people for our culture?

2. What makes a great staff member stay in a company?

One of the reasons that owners have a challenge finding staff is because many are looking for them in the same way and at the same time: only when we need them.

What will stand out about you and your business to a potential staff member if you are doing the usual the same as every other desperate owner out there? By just putting an ad in the paper, or making that monthly call to the school and hoping for a response owners, are not doing enough to cause people to want to work for you.

What about going to the school for your weekly blow dry or manicure and looking for potential future stars of your company? We all know we need to take care of ourselves, so why not do it where the future of our business exists?

How about re-booking with your favorite students and having them refer you to their friends in the school? Not only can you build great relationships and get your name out there, but you can contribute and help train them. The school owners will love the support.

It is important to note that after one or two visits, you probably won’t have a line out the door with potential employees. This process will take time. Respect the fact that hundreds of owners and managers call the school directly for help in recruiting, but few actually visit them and give them business.

Once you have built the relationship with enough people, and open house at your salon for students may be in order! Building relationships this way may help weed out the students that come and work for you who really aren’t right for your salon’s culture or atmosphere. This will provide enough time and space to show them “this is how we do it here”.

Encouraging applicants to visit multiple salons and look at the different atmospheres is another way to ensure that someone has seen other options and isn’t just choosing something temporary.

Once they are in the company it is a good idea to have a recruiting piece, like a brochure or a flier that truly represents the company. This would include vision, values, mission statement and compensation and benefits. This piece would be something that should always be handed out with every job application, no matter what the position for hire is.

The second challenge in recruiting is actually retaining good staff members to stay in the salon once they have arrived. This is clearly where the plan is crucial to a salon or spa’s employment retention rate. Businesses that are mismanaged with no plan, no clear leadership, or understood common vision and values have the lowest retention.

Think of your employees as clients; if they are not provided with a working atmosphere that breed’s growth and prosperity, they will leave. Having a plan to show them “how to grow here” is absolutely essential.

Staff members need to know where and how they will grow in order for them to even see a future. This is also where employee one-on-one’s are part of your employee retention. This is the time to check in and support one another and create true partnership with staff.

Revolutionizing recruiting is bigger than just hiring employees and filling in the chairs of the salon; it is about creating and supporting people in living their personal dreams.

Bert Carder is CEO of Your Beauty Network, your One Source for all Your Salon Business Needs from Salon Recruiting to Salon Promotions to Salon Appointment Scheduling. For 5 FREE videos on Salon profitability, go to http://www.yourbeautynetwork.com or call 866-364-4926

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Caring for Oily Skin Organically

Thursday 29 October 2009 @ 5:50 pm

Just because you suffer from excessively oily skin doesn’t mean you have to resort to harsh chemicals and cleansers. In fact, these often have just the opposite effect, irritating the skin so much that it releases even more oil. Avoid this vicious cycle by using only organic methods to remove the oil and balance out your skin.

Cleansing
First off, you’ll need to make sure that you are treating your skin properly. It needs to be cleaned on a daily basis, but one mistake that many people with oily skin make is to wash their faces 3-5 times a day, or even more. This only causes more oil to be produced, which worsens the problem.

The best way to avoid this issue is to simply keep your cleansing routine to twice a day. Once when you wake up and before going to bed. Start with a basic routine, soap and water. The soap you use should be organic and simple, there’s no need to get all fancy and the chemicals in many soaps will cause further skin issues. Instead, look for an all natural bar that is plain or uses oats for a little extra exfoliation and oil absorption. This can be used twice a day, since it won’t be irritating.

Be sure to use plenty of water when rinsing your face, to wash away toxins and leave the skin feeling toned and refreshed. You should pat the skin dry, rather than rub it.

Other Treatments
Often, soap and water isn’t enough to reduce the oil on the face, so you may need to try something in addition to this routine. Here are a few things you can add.

Splash your face with witch hazel. This is a natural astringent that can help reduce the amount of oil. It also firms up and tones the skin. You can use this after your cleansing routine.

Use aloe vera. The gel from this fleshy plant is a natural antiseptic, as well as a moisturizer and is well known for its healing properties. Spread some of the gel directly from the plant leaf or purchase organic gel.

Try a steam bath. Steaming your face is a great way to release excess oil and open pores. You can use many different ingredients, but herbs like peppermint, lemongrass or lavender work very well. Add them to a basin of very hot water, drape a towel over your head and lean your face over the basin or sink to allow the steam to rise up and settle on your face. It’s best to do this for only 5-10 min. since too much heat isn’t good for the skin, either.

Use a mask. There are a number of masks on the market, but a few are very useful. Mud or clay masks, for example, are ideal for sucking extra grease or oil out of the skin and can be used up to 3 times a week. Rinse with plenty of water. You can also make your own by blending cucumber, honey and yogurt and spreading the mixture on your face. Honey is a natural antiseptic, as well, so will get rid of any bacteria. Tomato puree can also be used, as can a mixture of honey and oatmeal.

Just because you have oily skin doesn’t mean you have to live with a constant shine on your face. Use these organic methods to keep the oil under control and enjoy getting out and about.

Achieve healthier looking skin by using 100% organic skin care products such as natural ice lip balm for softer lips, oil free body lotions, and body oil massage products for relaxation.

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From Killer Paste To Killer Looks: The History Of The Make Up Pallet

Thursday 29 October 2009 @ 5:44 pm

Make up: where would any modern girl be without it? But the humble make up pallet has come a long way to reach the standards we have today.

Ancient Egyptians were the earliest recorded wearers of make up, using sheep-fat-based creams and paint on the eyes to beautify their features from around 400BC.
Fast forward through a few centuries, and the fashion in many parts of the world was a pasty white complexion; the opposite of the tanned look that we favour today. In the Far East, women made their complexions paler with powder extracted from rice, and in Europe, the aristocratic classes also worked hard to achieve whitened skin, as it differentiated them from commoners who had suntanned skin due to working outside.

Unfortunately, by the 16th Century, this obsession with white skin was causing some grizzly side effects, and even death.

It sounds preposterous, but it’s true. In the 16th century, all a lady could expect to find in their make up pallet was ceruse, a nasty mix of lead and mercury that people used as a skin whitener. This primitive form of foundation was highly demanded, and could count Elizabeth I amongst its many fans, but the vital ingredient of white lead proved to be immensely damaging to the wearer’s skin and caused hair loss. Shockingly, with prolonged use, ceruse could eventually cause death, a high price to pay for wanting to be beautiful. They could really create killer looks with that one!

Foundation as we know it was first used by a man called Carl Baudin. Baudin worked in the Leipzeiger Stalt theatre, and he used a combination of zinc, ochres (earth pigments) and lard to make a non-toxic skin-coloured paste which he then used to conceal the joining between his forehead and the wig he wore on stage. Other actors greatly coveted this concoction and so Baudin decided to produce it commercially, and it became the first recorded theatrical make up.

Most actors in theatre used this formulation until 1914 when Max Factor developed Flexible Greasepaint, which surpassed the performance of Baudin’s paint, giving greater reflection under lighting on film sets. Make up as of course evolved in leaps and bounds since Baudin first invented foundation, but what’s in your make up pallet today is in fact not so far removed from the original concoction of pigments and fats.

Thankfully, everything in a make up pallet goes through stringent skin-safety tests, and is highly unlikely to cause any ill effects unless you are allergic to the ingredients.

Make up has certainly come a long way, and today is integral to any modern woman; you can make dull green eyes shine like sparkling emeralds and create sharp, shocking looks to dazzle and amaze.

Dominic Donaldson is a make up consultant and beauty journalist with many years of experience in the field. Find out more about make up pallet at http://www.crownbrush.co.uk

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